Molecules. Types, structure, and geometry of molecules

Structure of a molecule

The structure of a molecule can be linear, branched or three-dimensional, depending on how the atoms are bonded together. The arrangement of atoms in a molecule determines its physical and chemical properties, such as its melting point, boiling point, solubility, reactivity and polarity.

Types of molecules

There are different types of molecules that can be classified according to their chemical composition and function.

Organic molecules

They are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, although they can also contain other elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and halogens. Examples of organic molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Inorganic molecules

These are molecules that do not contain carbon and are generally simpler in structure than organic molecules. Examples of inorganic molecules include water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), salts and minerals.

Biomolecules

These are molecules found in living things that perform essential functions in biological processes. Biomolecules include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

Simple molecules

These are molecules composed of only one type of atom. Examples of simple molecules include oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂) and chlorine (Cl₂).

Complex molecules

These are molecules composed of two or more types of atoms. Examples of complex molecules include glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia (NH₃).