Gases. Properties of gases

Would you like to learn more about gases and their properties?

The online gas simulations on this page will help you to better understand the properties of gases and how their diffusion occurs.

The online gas simulations on this page will help you to better understand the properties of gases and how their diffusion occurs.

Gases are a state of matter characterized by their high molecular mobility and their ability to expand to fill the available volume of any container. Their properties include their low density, their ability to flow freely and their compressibility. Gases are commonly described by their four thermodynamic variables: pressure, temperature, volume and amount of substance. The equation of state of an ideal gas, the ideal gas law, relates these variables mathematically.

Diffusion is the process by which gases mix with each other. In the absence of a physical barrier, gases diffuse to equalize their concentrations in a homogeneous mixture. The rate of diffusion depends on the molecular mass of the gas, temperature and pressure. Graham’s law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass.

Maxwell’s distribution describes the distribution of molecular velocities in a gas. The distribution is based on the assumption that the particles in an ideal gas move randomly and in all directions, and that the magnitude of their velocity is randomly distributed. The velocity distribution can be expressed in terms of the temperature and molecular mass of the gas.

Diffusion of gases is important in many natural and technological processes, including respiration, combustion, photosynthesis, chemical synthesis, gas separation and dispersion of pollutants in the air.

Below are several simulations and other educational resources, which can also serve as very illustrative examples. In addition, a selection of books and courses is included to help you broaden your knowledge of this subject.

Gas inside a container


Maxwell Distribution


Properties of gases


Pump gas molecules into a container and find out what happens as you change the volume, add or remove heat, etc.

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Diffusion of two gases


Mix two gases to explore diffusion! Experiment with concentration, temperature, mass, and radius and determine how these factors affect the rate of diffusion.

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Click here to start the simulation
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General chemistry

 

General Chemistry I: Atoms, Molecules, and Bonding

 
 

Big Bang and the Origin of Chemical Elements

 
Physicochemistry
 

Electrochemistry

 
 

Energy to Electrochemistry Final Exam

 

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