What is an inclined plane in physics

An inclined plane in physics  is a flat surface that forms an angle with respect to the horizontal.

Forces on the inclined plane

When an object moves along an inclined plane, its motion is defined by three forces: the force of gravity (the weight of the object), the normal force and the force of friction.

Gravitational force

Gravity force is the force that pulls all objects toward the center of the Earth. Gravity acts on the object in a vertical downward direction.

Normal force

The normal force is the force exerted by the surface of the plane on the object and acts perpendicular to the inclined plane. This force is what keeps the object in equilibrium on the inclined plane.

Friction force

Friction force is the force that opposes the motion of the object on the surface. On an inclined plane, friction acts in the opposite direction to the motion of the object. The vectorial composition of these forces can be done with the help of trigonometry and will allow to calculate the motion of the object on the inclined plane.

The vector composition of these forces can be done with the help of trigonometry and thus the resultant force in the direction of motion is obtained.

Motion in the inclined plane

Motion in the inclined plane depends on the combination of these forces. When the component of gravity parallel to the plane overcomes the frictional force, the object begins to slide down the slope. The acceleration experienced by the object is less than it would be in free fall, since the presence of the normal force and friction reduce the effect of gravity. Thus, the analysis of motion on the inclined plane allows us to understand how mass, angle and friction influence the trajectory and velocity of the object.

These online inclined plane simulations are a useful tool for understanding the principles governing the action of forces and the resulting motion of an object in an inclined plane.