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Electromagnetic induction.Induced current, Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws and applications

Do you want to know more about electromagnetic induction and Faraday's Law?

The online electromagnetic induction simulations on this page will allow you to learn more about this important phenomenon of electromagnetism. We will discover how induced electric current is generated, what Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law tell us and we will also see some of the most important applications

What is electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic induction is the process by which an electric current, called induced current, is produced in a conductor when it is exposed to a magnetic field that changes with time. This induced current is produced due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the electrons in the conductor.

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831, who observed that moving a magnet inside a coil of wire generated an induced electric current in the wire. This discovery laid the foundation for the generation of electricity on a large scale.

Laws of electromagnetic induction

To fully understand the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, it is essential to know two fundamental laws: Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law. Together, they provide the theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the behavior of electromagnetic systems in everyday life and in technological applications.

Faraday’s law

Faraday’s law states that the magnitude of the electromotive force induced in a circuit is proportional to the change in magnetic flux through the circuit. Magnetic flux is defined as the product of the magnetic field and the area perpendicular to it. Therefore, when a conductor moves through a magnetic field that changes with time, the magnetic flux through the conductor changes, which produces an induced electric current in the conductor.

Lenz’s law

Lenz’s law complements Faraday’s law by establishing the direction of the induced current. It states that the induced current in a circuit is always generated in such a direction that its magnetic field opposes the change in the magnetic flux that produces it. This principle, formulated by the Russian physicist Heinrich Lenz in 1834, guarantees the conservation of energy and explains phenomena such as magnetic braking and opposition to motion in generators and electric motors. Thanks to Lenz’s law, it is not only known how much voltage is induced, but also in which direction the induced current flows, which is essential for the design and operation of many electromagnetic devices.

Applications of electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic induction is used in a wide range of applications, including electric generators, transformers and electric motors. Electric generators use electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electric motors, on the other hand, use the electric current generated by electromagnetic induction to produce motion.

Electromagnetic induction is also used in electronic devices such as magnetic card readers or wireless technologies, such as wireless chargers, which use induction to transfer energy through magnetic fields.

Electromagnetic induction simulations

Moving bar


Principle of electromagnetic induction


This simulation allows us to observe the working principle of electromagnetic induction. The movement of the magnet changes the magnetic field of the inductor, which generates an electric current in the coil.
Click here to start the simulation

Rotating coil


Faraday’s Law


Investigate Faraday’s Law and how changing the magnetic flux can produce a flow of electricity.


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