Electromagnetic induction. Faraday’s Law

Electromagnetic induction is the process by which an electric current is produced in a conductor when it is exposed to a magnetic field that changes with time. This current is produced due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the electrons in the conductor.

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831, who observed that moving a magnet inside a coil of wire generated an electric current in the wire. This discovery laid the foundation for the generation of electricity on a large scale.

Faraday’s law states that the magnitude of the electromotive force induced in a circuit is proportional to the change in magnetic flux through the circuit. Magnetic flux is defined as the product of the magnetic field and the area perpendicular to it. Therefore, when a conductor moves through a magnetic field that changes with time, the magnetic flux through the conductor changes, which induces an electric current in the conductor.

Electromagnetic induction is used in a wide range of applications, including electric generators, transformers and electric motors. Electric generators use electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electric motors, on the other hand, use the electric current generated by electromagnetic induction to produce motion.

Electromagnetic induction is also used in electronic devices such as magnetic card readers or wireless technologies, such as wireless chargers, which use induction to transfer energy through magnetic fields.