Measurement equipment

23/04/2026

The online measurement equipment simulations on this page will allow you to learn about and use some of the main types of equipment used to measure physical quantities.

This Thematic Unit is part of our Physics collection

Ammeter

Instrument designed to measure current intensity; it must always be connected in series within the circuit.

Measurement Resolution

The smallest variation in the measured quantity that the instrument is capable of detecting and displaying on its screen.

Multimeter

Versatile instrument capable of measuring multiple electrical quantities such as voltage, current, and resistance in a single device.

Ohmmeter

Device for measuring electrical resistance; it should only be used on components that are not energized.

Test Lead (Probe)

Insulated metal connectors that allow physical contact to be established between the measuring equipment and the circuit points.

Voltmeter

Instrument used to measure the potential difference between two points; it is always connected in parallel.

What are measuring devices?

In the field of physics, there are several types of measurement equipment used to obtain precise and quantitative data on different physical quantities. This measuring equipment is essential for performing experiments, collecting information and validating scientific theories. The following are some of the most common measuring equipment in physics.

Examples of measuring devices

Below, we will mention some of the most common measuring equipment used in physics.

Ruler and caliper

These instruments are used to measure lengths and distances. Graduated rulers are used for direct measurements, while calipers allow internal and external dimensions to be measured more accurately.

Balance and scale

They are used to measure masses. Analytical and precision balances are particularly accurate and are used in laboratories, while scales are used to measure larger masses.

Stopwatch. A device used to measure time intervals with great precision. It is used in experiments that require very accurate time measurements.

Thermometer

Used to measure the temperature of a substance or environment. Thermometers can be based on different principles, such as liquid expansion, change of electrical resistance or thermal radiation.

Voltmeter and ammeter

These instruments are used to measure electrical voltages and currents, respectively. They provide information on the intensity and flow of electric current in a circuit.

Spectrometer

Used to measure and analyze electromagnetic radiation according to its wavelength or frequency. It is used in the study of light, the electromagnetic spectrum and spectroscopy.

Photometer

This equipment is used to measure the intensity of light or electromagnetic radiation in different wavelength ranges. It is used in optical experiments and luminosity analysis.

Microscope

Allows observation of small objects or structures at the microscopic level. Optical microscopes use lenses to magnify images, while electron microscopes use electron beams.

These are just a few examples of measurement equipment used in physics. Each has a specific role to play in obtaining accurate and reliable data. In addition, with technological advances, more sophisticated and specialized equipment has emerged to measure magnitudes with greater precision and to explore physical phenomena at different scales and levels of detail.

Ammeter

Instrument designed to measure current intensity; it must always be connected in series within the circuit.

Measurement Resolution

The smallest variation in the measured quantity that the instrument is capable of detecting and displaying on its screen.

Multimeter

Versatile instrument capable of measuring multiple electrical quantities such as voltage, current, and resistance in a single device.

Ohmmeter

Device for measuring electrical resistance; it should only be used on components that are not energized.

Test Lead (Probe)

Insulated metal connectors that allow physical contact to be established between the measuring equipment and the circuit points.

Voltmeter

Instrument used to measure the potential difference between two points; it is always connected in parallel.

Explore the exciting STEM world with our free, online, simulations and accompanying companion courses! With them you’ll be able to experience and learn hands-on. Take this opportunity to immerse yourself in virtual experiences while advancing your education – awaken your scientific curiosity and discover all that the STEM world has to offer!

Measurement equipment simulations

Ammeter
Multimeter

Ammeter

An ammeter is used to measure electrical current. It consists of a rotor with a coil around it. When there is electric current, the coil and the rotor generate a magnetic field. The higher the intensity, the greater the magnetic field and the more force to rotate the needle, which is compensated by the spring. A very low resistance is connected in parallel with the coil, which causes most of the electric current to flow through it.

Multimeter

A multimeter is a measuring device that combines several measuring functions such as current, voltage or resistance. Turn the wheel of the multimeter and test its operation.

Chronograph
Manometer
Ammeter
Multimeter

Chronograph

A chronograph is a watch used to record the elapsed time at a given interval. When it is certified by an authority, it is called a chronometer. This simulation reproduces the operation of a mechanical chronograph.

Bourdon pressure gauge

A Bourdon manometer is used to measure the pressure of a fluid. When the pressure increases, the tube uncoils and when it decreases it coils. Observe the operation by compressing or decompressing the fluid by the movement of the plunger..

Ammeter

Multimeter

A multimeter is a measuring device that combines several measuring functions such as current, voltage or resistance. Turn the wheel of the multimeter and test its operation.

Giants of science

“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”

Isaac Newton

James Clerk Maxwell

1831

–

1879

James Clerk Maxwell formulated Maxwell’s equations, unifying electricity and magnetism and predicting electromagnetic waves

“Thoroughly conscious ignorance is the prelude to every real advance in science”

André-Marie Ampère

1775

–

1836

André-Marie Ampère formulated the theory of electromagnetism, establishing the mathematical foundations linking electricity and magnetism

“Science is the explanation of the complex by the simple”

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Giants of science

“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”

Isaac Newton

James Clerk Maxwell

1831

–

1879

James Clerk Maxwell formulated Maxwell’s equations, unifying electricity and magnetism and predicting electromagnetic waves

“Thoroughly conscious ignorance is the prelude to every real advance in science”

Michael Faraday

1791

–

1867

Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, conducted pioneering experiments in optics (Faraday effect), and established fundamental principles of electrochemistry.

“Nothing is too wonderful to be true”

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Test your knowledge

What criteria are used to classify measuring instruments, and how do these criteria influence the accuracy and reliability of physical measurements?

Measuring instruments can be classified according to the physical quantity they measure (length, mass, time, current, voltage, temperature, etc.), the physical principle they rely on, and the level of precision they are designed to achieve. Each device is engineered to minimize errors and provide consistent, reproducible results. Accuracy depends on the instrument’s build quality and calibration, while reliability is linked to its long‑term stability and resistance to environmental factors such as temperature changes, vibrations, or electrical interference. This classification helps ensure that the right tool is chosen for each task, guaranteeing scientifically valid and dependable measurements.

How does the operation of measuring instruments relate to standardized unit systems and the need for periodic calibration?

Measuring instruments function within standardized unit systems—most commonly the International System of Units (SI)—which ensures that measurements are comparable worldwide. To maintain this consistency, instruments must be calibrated regularly against recognized reference standards. Calibration corrects deviations caused by wear, environmental conditions, or internal drift. Without this process, measurements would gradually lose accuracy, leading to cumulative errors in scientific experiments, industrial processes, and technological applications. Calibration is therefore essential for maintaining traceability and measurement integrity.

Why can two instruments measuring the same thing give slightly different values? Is that supposed to happen?

Yes, it’s completely normal. Every instrument has its own margin of error, and factors like calibration, sensitivity, and even how the user handles the device can cause small variations. What matters is that the differences stay within the acceptable range for each instrument. If the readings differ a lot, then it’s worth checking whether one of the devices is miscalibrated or malfunctioning.

What happens if I use an instrument outside the range it was designed for?

Two things can happen: either the measurement becomes inaccurate, or the instrument can be damaged. Devices are built to operate within a specific range; exceeding it can saturate or overload the sensor. For example, a voltmeter designed for 10 V cannot safely measure 200 V. Staying within the proper range is essential both for obtaining reliable data and for protecting the equipment.

How come digital instruments look more precise than analog ones? Do they actually measure better?

Not necessarily. Digital instruments often display more digits, which looks more precise, but that doesn’t guarantee better measurement. The real precision depends on the quality of the internal sensor. A high‑quality analog instrument can outperform a cheap digital one. The advantage of digital devices is that they reduce reading errors and are easier to interpret, but true accuracy comes from design, calibration, and sensor quality—not from the type of display.